在管理者如何有效地提供反馈一文中,我提到了 1 对 1 这个沟通渠道,这篇文章就来具体讲讲 1 对 1 的目的、好处、以及如何做好这种沟通。
References:
https://www.small-improvements.com/resources/1-on-1-meetings/
https://www.small-improvements.com/1-on-1-meeting-essentials/
这是一个上下级之间保持沟通的日常渠道,目的是增进双方的了解和信任,及时解决问题,帮助员工成长。 一对一最大的好处在于时效性,保证双方的职场关系和工作目标处于一个比较稳定的状态。
假如你和上级/下级之间没有安排过 1 对 1,那么在开展 1 对 1 之前,必须要让每个人都知道会议的目的和好处,搞清楚为什么需要投入时间和精力去做这件事,因为一旦开始了,就等于是双方共同的承诺,需要坚持下去,培养成为习惯。
There needs to be commitment from the beginning.
作为管理者而言,我们要让员工从一开始的体验中感受到一对一会议的好处,打消员工的顾虑、倦怠和防备心。
作为下属而言,我们需要积极主动地参与到和上级的 1 对 1 沟通中去,构建和上级之间的良好关系,而不是把它当成一种形式主义或者是一种负担。
上下级应该共同参与讨论话题的制定,manager 主要负责提问,下属需要有主人翁精神,积极参与讨论。
每周或每两周一次,至少做到一个月一次,不然就失去了时效性。
会议场地可以随意一些,不一定要在办公室进行;两个人出去走走,找个方便说话的地方即可,比如咖啡厅。
假如是远程工作的话首选视频会议。
15 - 30 分钟为宜。
manager 可以事先想好要讨论什么话题,但最好是由员工主导(employee-driven)。
这样可以防止被动性格的员工完全没有准备,两个人聊天的时候冷场。
员工可以主动写一个小结,确保双方的理解没有误差,以及后续跟进一些谈论过的事情。
Agenda Template: https://rework.withgoogle.com/guides/managers-coach-managers-to-coach/steps/hold-effective-1-1-meetings/
目的是增进了解,建立信任:
- Tell me about yourself – what attracted you to this role?
- What are your aspirations – professionally and personally?
- What gives you energy, and what drains it?
- What’s your role and what do you expect from me?
- Let’s talk about our team and how we work together.
- Let’s talk about why and how we’ll do 1:1 meetings.
- Anything else you’d like to talk about today?
目的是建立信任,认可进步,早期解决问题:
- How are you doing? How did the past week/month go?
- What would you like to talk about today?
- What are you proud of? Anything blocking you?
- Do you need any support? How can I help you?
- Anything else you’d like to talk about today?
目的是更多的了解公司情况:
- What are you proud of?
- What ideas do you have for your team and the company?
- How do you feel about the vision and priorities of our company?
- What can your manager do better to support you in your role?
- Is anything blocking you?
目的是一起制定可行的目标:
- Let’s quickly recap why and how we set objectives.
- How did previous objectives go?
- Let’s look at the company and team priorities.
- Let’s discuss current objectives and personal development goals.
- Let’s agree on next steps.
目的是找到员工的成长空间:
- Based on the feedback you received lately, are there areas you would like to develop further?
- What next steps could you be taking towards those goals?
- What part of your job are you enjoying the most? What’s inspiring, motivating, and energizing?
- What part of your job are you enjoying the least? What is frustrating or boring you? - - What is the one task you would love to stop doing if it was possible?
- Where do you see yourself in 2 years?
目的是总结绩效评估,跟进结果:
- How do you feel after this performance review?
- What did you think while reading my feedback and the feedback you got from your peers?
- Is there anything you need clarification about?
- Was anything surprising?
- What’s your main takeaway from this review?
- Any feedback regarding the way I communicated my feedback?
目的是了解并提高员工的绩效表现:
- Are you clear on what is expected of you? Do you think those expectations are realistic?
- Do you realize how your role fits into the bigger picture/why your work is important?
- Do you receive enough feedback? If not, why do you think you don’t receive it? How could we ensure you get more feedback?
- Do you feel comfortable asking for support when needed?
- What got in the way of you having more impact? (e.g. internal processes, time management issues, lack of resources or information)
- What are action items and/or objectives we can agree on?
我个人真的非常推崇 1 对 1 会议,我跟自己的领导和下属都是有定期进行 1 对 1 的,每次 30 分钟。
假如你的领导没有和你定期进行 1 对 1 的习惯,建议你一定要主动去提出这件事哦。
如果你在 1 对 1 会议中扮演的角色是下属,那么每次会议之前务必做好准备,可以把想要讨论的话题提前记录下来。
我每次 1 对 1 之后都会写一些笔记,把学到的东西和需要做的事情都记下来,确保会议的讨论落在实处,这样能最大地发挥 1 对 1 会议的作用。
假如你是管理者的话,可以试试第三部分的常用问题去做开放式提问,在 1 对 1 会议中,管理者的角色是提问+引导+给出适当的建议,就是教练的角色,但会议的主角应该是下属,而不是管理者。