Luna职场 | Career Path

February 28, 2023 字数 2590 6 min


0. 前言

最近看了比较多的职场发展相关的资料,包括书、博客、YouTube video 等等,今天借此文来分析一下别人的观点。


核心观点 1 - 钟摆型职业发展道路

The best frontline eng managers in the world are the ones that are never more than 2-3 years removed from hands-on work, full time down in the trenches. The best individual contributors are the ones who have done time in management.

Ref: https://charity.wtf/2017/05/11/the-engineer-manager-pendulum/

作者认为,最好的管理者是有 hands-on work experience 的,而最好的个人贡献者是有管理经验的。

但是请注意:没有人能够同时把两个角色做好。

所以,作者的建议是,做一段时间 manager,再回到 engineer track,然后再去做一段时间 manager。

There are lots of people who do both well - but serially. Not simultaneously.

为什么不能同时做好两个角色?

因为要做好这两个角色的前置条件是不同的,manager 的工作是支持别人(management is highly interruptive),而好的 engineer 则需要减少干扰 (great engineering requires blocking out interruptions)。

一个人无法同时做到「一直被打扰」并且「一直不被打扰」。

As a manager, it is your job to be available for your team, to be interrupted. It is your job to choose to hand off the challenging assignments, so that your engineers can get better at engineering.

Management ≠ Promotion

同时,很多人认为做 manager 是升职的表现,但事实上,做 manager 类似于转行,因为你需要的技能是不同的,你要从头开始去学习如何做管理。

Management is not a promotion, management is a change of profession. And you will be bad at it for a long time after you start doing it. If you don’t think you’re bad at it, you aren’t doing your job.


核心观点 2 - Tech Lead Management roles are a trap

https://lethain.com/tech-lead-managers/

之前的核心观点建议人们在 management 和 IC track 两边不断地摇摆,并且指出想要做好 management 就必须「全情投入」。

第二个核心观点则指出,既当 manager 又做 developer 的 “Tech Lead Manager” 可能是一个职场陷阱。

Tech Lead Manager who manages a smaller team of two to five, and provides technical direction for that team. Will loudly inform you that they split time fifty-fifty between management and technical work, but actually spends large majority of time on one of those and is struggling to keep up on the other.

当一个 technical person 需要肩负管理任务时,TA 需要更好地管理自己的精力,也许最优解是一半时间 manage people, 一半时间做 hands-on work,但是实际上很少有人能做到完美平衡,大多数人要么把精力放在 management,要么放在 technical。

另外,很多人误以为 tech lead management 是成为 team manager 的前置职位,但事实上两者没有直接关联,甚至会成为你职场发展的阻碍。

The Tech Lead Manager role is often presented as an easy onramp to Team Manager, but my experience is that being a TLM is considerably harder to do well than Team Management, to the extent that I believe the TLM role is a trap for new managers.


核心观点 3 - Glue & Non-promotable task

https://noidea.dog/glue

https://hbr.org/2018/07/why-women-volunteer-for-tasks-that-dont-lead-to-promotions

第三个核心观点非常有趣,我们都知道,想要成为 senior dev,就必须有 soft skill 和 leadership skill,但是假如一个 junior dev 表现出了超常的 soft skill,去完成了团队中没有人去承担的一些沟通、领导、协作工作(统称为 glue task),这对 TA 到底是好事还是坏事呢?

当这位 junior dev 进入绩效评估环节时,TA 做的这些凝聚团队的事情,是否能给 TA 带来升职加薪呢?

答案往往有两个:

  1. 不能升职,因为 TA 的 technical skill 还不到下一个级别所需要的水平;
  2. 建议换岗,比如让 TA 承担一些非 technical 的事情(包括管人、项目管理等等),原因是「TA 更适合这样的工作」;

从某种意义上说,软技能太强,会成为技术岗职场新人的职场发展障碍。

They end up choosing a role that they don’t want because they’re scared of doing the role they do want, or because someone else tells them that they would be good at the other role.

另外一篇文章则指出,当一个团队中有一些杂活儿需要成员们自愿报名去做时,大部分时候都是女性自告奋勇,团队领导者也往往会先找女性员工来询问 TA 是否可以帮忙,这类杂活儿统称为「Non-promotable task」,做了对团队有好处,但是对个体发展没有太大帮助,决定不了你的升职加薪。

有趣的是,当一个团队里面仅有单一性别的成员时,男性和女性的志愿者比例是几乎一样的。

也就是说,在混合性别的团队中,男性会期待女性去主动承担这部分工作,而不同性别被经理问到「你是否愿意承担 xx 工作」时,女性同意的比例也远远高于男性。

Women were no more likely to volunteer than men when everyone was in a same-sex group.

…These results instead suggest that the real driver was a shared understanding or expectation that women would volunteer more than men. …Interestingly, in women’s groups the volunteering ends up being shared equally across 10 rounds, while in men’s groups it tends to fall on the same men each time.

更加有意思的是,经理的性别并没有改变不同性别的员工被问到的几率,不管是男经理还是女经理,都倾向于把这些 Non-promotable task 分配给女性员工。

Women received 44% more requests to volunteer than men in mixed-sex groups. Intriguingly, the gender of the manager did not make a difference: Both male and female managers were more likely to ask a woman to volunteer than a man. This was apparently a wise decision: Women were also more likely to say yes.

如何对抗这种「基于对不同性别员工的期待值产生的管理行为差异」呢?

如果我们要求女性员工学会说「不」,也许在某些公司,这会让管理者对 TA 产生偏见。

管理者在处理这种 Non-promotable task 时,应该尽量公平分配,采用 rotation 的形式,而不是 「ask women for favor」。

同理,如果你发现自己做了很多「Glue Task」却没有拿到升职机会,或者总是被要求 volunteer 做一些 Non-promotable task 的话,你应该首先去找你的经理,问清楚这些工作是否是你的职责范围,你如果想要升职的话需要提升哪些技能。

假如这些额外的工作无法带给你想要的升职机会,那么就停止做这些事情,因为本来这些事也没人做,只是你主动承担了这份「目前不属于你」的职责。

当你是 senior team member 时,这些 glue task 是你应该去做的,但假如你只是个 junior,那你可能是帮别人做了他们应该做的事情,而且还影响了自己的职场发展。

做你想做的事,而不是你当下所擅长的事

假如你做了对团队有利但对自己职场发展没有太大帮助的事情,而且别人建议你「你应该改变自己的职业选择,因为你更擅长做 xx」,你应该怎么选?

首先,不要只考虑自己目前擅长哪些事情,因为 You will be good at everything you put effort in.

其次,考虑自己真正的兴趣所在,到底哪些事情是会让你感到快乐、满足的?

最后,想清楚 trade-off,你当下做出的职业选择,是否意味着你已经放弃了/很难再回到另外一条道路?

Choose a role that you’ll feel successful and happy and proud to say you do, and that will teach you skills you want. Do a job you’re excited by. You will learn to get good at it by doing it. I feel like we don’t admit it often enough enough that most of the time, we won’t do a job well on day one. The vast majority of our learning happens on the job.


结语

上述所有的核心观点可以总结为:

  • 假如你想要提升某方面的技能,就必须投入足够的精力(时间+热情);
  • Management 和 Individual Contributor 无法同时做好,在同一时段只能专注于一个角色;
  • 职场发展道路的选择没有对错之分,难点在于如何定义你真正热爱的事情;

如何知道自己到底热爱什么呢?也许只有两个方式:

  1. 亲自体验:去尝试不同的职责,在一段时间内集中精力扮演一个角色,看自己是否喜欢这个角色;
  2. 观察别人:跟不同角色的人聊天,通过了解他们的职责和正在做的事情,来判断这是否是自己想要达到的状态;

我目前尝试过的角色有:

  • 项目管理
  • 程序员(全栈)
  • 团队管理
  • Scrum Master
  • Delivery Manager
  • Product Owner

现在我的工作重心放在了「Product Owner」这个角色上,想要多多体验这个角色和我的契合度。

也许未来的某天我需要做出决定,放弃其他的选项,专注于一个角色。

我的选择会是什么呢?


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